Effects of elderflower extract enriched with polyphenols on antioxidant defense of salmon leukocytes

BACKGROUND: In fish farming, the plant extracts containing antioxidant compounds have been added to the diet for enhancing pathogen resistance. In vitro studies evaluating the antioxidant effect of herbal extracts on fish cell models have focused on ROS production and the respiratory burst mechanism. However, the effects on enzymatic antioxidant defense on salmon leukocytes have not been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the enzymatic antioxidant defense and ROS-induced cell damage in Salmon Head Kidney-1 (SHK-1) cell line exposed to polyphenol-enriched extract from Sambucus nigra flowers. RESULTS: Firstly, the Total Reactive Antioxidant Power (TRAP) assay of elderflower polyphenol (EP) was evaluated, showing 459 and 489 times more active than gallic acid and butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), respectively. The toxic effect of EP on salmon cells was not significant at concentrations below 120 mg/ mL and no hemolysis activity was observed between 20 and 400 mg/mL. The treatment of SHK-1 cell line with EP decreased both the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation induced by H2O2, which could be associated with decreasing oxidative stress in the SHK-1 cells since the GSH/GSSG ratio increased when only EP was added. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that plant extracts enriched with polyphenols could improve the enzymatic antioxidant defense of salmon leukocytes and protect the cells against ROS-induced cell damage

Study of the chemical composition of the resinous exudate isolated from Psoralea glandulosa and evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the terpenoids and the resin / Estudio de la composición química del exudado resinoso aislado de Psoralea glandulosa y la evaluación de las propiedades antioxidantes de la resina y sus terpenoides

Otholobium glandulosum (L.) J.W. Grimes (= Psoralea glandulosa L.) (Fabaceae) is a resinous bush that grows in Chile. The chemical composition of its resinous exudate was determined for the first time. Three meroterpenic: bakuchiol (8), 3-hydroxybakuchiol (11), 12-hydroxyisobakuchiol (12) and a new compound kuchiol (13) were isolated and their structures were determined. The antioxidant activity of the terpenic compounds and resin was evaluated using the bleaching of DPPH radical, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Total Reactive Antioxidant Properties (TRAP) assays.

Otholobium glandulosum (L.) J.W. Grimes (= Psoralea glandulosa L.) (Fabaceae) es un arbusto resinoso que crece en Chile. La composición química de su exudado resinoso fue determinada por primera vez. Tres meroterpenos: bakuchiol (8), 3-hidroxibakuchiol (11), 12-hidroxiisobakuchiol (12) y un nuevo compuesto kuchiol (13) fueron aislados y sus estructuras fueron determinadas espectroscópicamente. La actividad antioxidante de los compuestos terpénicos y la resina se evaluó mediante tres métodos antioxidantes DPPH, Poder Reductor de Hierro III (FRAP) y Capacidad Antioxidante Total (TRAP).